Mehdi Kashani

Background: Highest incidence: East Asia (Japan, Korea, China) Increased in Eastern Europe & South America Male predominance (~2:1) Major Risk Factors: Chronic H. pylori infection (strongest risk factor) Chronic atrophic gastritis / intestinal metaplasia Smoking High salt/smoked foods, low fruits/vegetables Pernicious anemia Partial gastrectomy (long-term) CDH1 mutation → hereditary diffuse gastric cancer Histologic types: Intestinal: Gland-forming Associated with: H. pylori, environmental...

Risk Factors: Cirrhosis of any cause (viral, alcoholic, metabolic, autoimmune, genetic etiologies) Cirrhosis present in over 80% of HCC cases Chronic HBV and HCV infection (with or without cirrhosis, especially with high viral load or active replication) Screening: At-risk populations requiring screening: Child-Pugh Class A or B cirrhosis of any etiology Child-Pugh Class C cirrhosis patients who are transplant candidates Hepatitis B carriers without cirrhosis Screening using ultrasound and...

Background: Most common mesenchymal tumors of GI tract Risk assessment uses: Tumor size Mitotic rate Anatomic location Tumor rupture Significantly increases recurrence risk. Gastric GIST generally have better prognosis than non-gastric GIST. For example, a >10 cm gastric tumor with >5 mitoses/50 HPF has 34% metastasis risk, while the same parameters in small bowel GIST carry 71-90% risk. Work up: Histology + IHC: Confirm GIST with positive KIT and/or DOG1 immunostaining. Imaging: CAP CT scan...